Columbia University

Columbia University (authoritatively Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private, Ivy League, research college in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was set up in 1754 as King's College by regal sanction of George II of Great Britain. Columbia is the most seasoned school in New York State and the fifth sanctioned organization of higher learning in the nation, making it one of nine provincial universities established before the Declaration of Independence. After the progressive war, King's College quickly turned into a state substance, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. A 1787 contract set the establishment under a private leading group of trustees before it was renamed Columbia University in 1896 when the grounds was moved from Madison Avenue to its present area in Morningside Heights possessing place that is known for 32 sections of land (13 ha). Columbia is one of the fourteen establishing individuals from the Association of American Universities, and was the principal school in the United States to give the M.D. degree.

The college is composed into twenty schools, including Columbia College, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, and the School of General Studies. The college likewise has worldwide exploration stations in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Asunción and Nairobi. It has affiliations with a few different foundations close-by, including Teachers College, Barnard College, and Union Theological Seminary, with joint undergrad programs accessible through the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, Sciences Po Paris, and the Juilliard School.

Columbia yearly directs the Pulitzer Prize. Notable graduated class and previous understudies (counting those from King's College) incorporate five Founding Fathers of the United States; nine Justices of the United States Supreme Court; 20 living billionaires; 29 Academy Award winners; and 29 heads of state, including three United States Presidents. Additionally, somewhere in the range of 100 Nobel laureates have been partnered with Columbia as understudies, personnel, or staff.

Talks with respect to the establishing of a school in the Province of New York started as ahead of schedule as 1704, at which time Colonel Lewis Morris kept in touch with the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, the teacher arm of the Church of England, inducing the general public that New York City was a perfect group in which to set up a college; in any case, not until the establishing of Princeton University over the Hudson River in New Jersey did the City of New York genuinely think about establishing as a college. In 1746 a demonstration was gone by the general get together of New York to raise reserves for the establishment of another school. In 1751, the get together designated a commission of ten New York occupants, seven of whom were individuals from the Church of England, to coordinate the assets collected by the state lottery towards the establishment of a college.

Classes were at first held in July 1754 and were managed by the school's first president, Dr. Samuel Johnson. Dr. Johnson was the main educator of the school's top of the line, which comprised of a unimportant eight understudies. Direction was held in another school building connecting Trinity Church, situated on what is currently lower Broadway in Manhattan. The school was authoritatively established on October 31, 1754, as King's College by illustrious sanction of King George II, making it the most seasoned foundation of higher learning in the condition of New York and the fifth most seasoned in the United States.

In 1763, Dr. Johnson was succeeded in the administration by Myles Cooper, an alum of The Queen's College, Oxford, and a fervent Tory. In the charged political atmosphere of the American Revolution, his boss adversary in dialogs at the school was an undergrad of the class of 1777, Alexander Hamilton. The American Revolutionary War softened out up 1776, and was disastrous for the operation of King's College, which suspended guideline for a long time starting in 1776 with the entry of the Continental Army. The suspension proceeded through the military control of New York City by British troops until their takeoff in 1783. The school's library was plundered and its sole building demanded for use as a military healing center first by American and after that British forces. Loyalists were compelled to desert their King's College in New York, which was seized by the revolutionaries and renamed Columbia College. The Loyalists, drove by Bishop Charles Inglis fled to Windsor, Nova Scotia, where they established what is presently the University of King's College.

After the Revolution, the school swung to the State of New York so as to restore its essentialness, promising to roll out whatever improvements to the school's sanction the state may demand. The Legislature consented to help the school, and on May 1, 1784, it passed "an Act for giving certain benefits to the College up to this time called King's College." The Act made a Board of Regents to direct the revival of King's College, and, with an end goal to show its backing for the new Republic, the Legislature stipulated that "the College inside of the City of New York leading up to now called King's College be everlastingly from now on called and known by the name of Columbia College," a reference to Columbia, an option name for America. The Regents at long last got to be mindful of the school's blemished constitution in February 1787 and selected an update panel, which was going by John Jay and Alexander Hamilton. In April of that same year, another sanction was received for the school, still being used today, giving energy to a private leading group of 24 Trustees.

On May 21, 1787, William Samuel Johnson, the child of Dr. Samuel Johnson, was collectively chosen President of Columbia College. Before serving at the college, Johnson had taken an interest in the First Continental Congress and been picked as a representative to the Constitutional Convention. For a period in the 1790s, with New York City as the elected and state capital and the nation under progressive Federalist governments, a resuscitated Columbia flourished under the sponsorship of Federalists, for example, Hamilton and Jay. Both President George Washington and Vice President John Adams went to the school's initiation on May 6, 1789, as a tribute of honor to the numerous graduated class of the school who had been included in the American Revolution.

In April 2007, the college obtained more than 66% of a 17 sections of land (6.9 ha) site for another grounds in Manhattanville, a modern neighborhood toward the north of the Morningside Heights grounds. Extending from 125th Street to 133rd Street, the new grounds will house structures for Columbia's Business School, School of International and Public Affairs, and the Jerome L. Greene Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior, where examination will happen on neurodegenerative infections, for example, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The $7 billion development arrangement incorporates destroying all structures, with the exception of three that are verifiably noteworthy, wiping out the current light industry and capacity stockrooms, and moving occupants in 132 lofts. Supplanting these structures will be 6,800,000 square feet (630,000 m2) of space for the college. Group dissident gatherings in West Harlem battled the extension for reasons extending from property insurance and reasonable trade for area, to occupants' rights. Subsequent open hearings drew neighborhood resistance. Most as of late, as of December 2008, the State of New York's Empire State Development Corporation affirmed utilization of prominent area, which, through affirmation of Manhattanville's "scourged" status, gives administrative bodies the privilege to suitable private property for open use. On May 20, 2009, the New York State Public Authorities Control Board endorsed the Manhanttanville extension arrangement and the main structures are under construction.

New York-Presbyterian Hospital is subsidiary with the medicinal schools of both Columbia University and Cornell University. As per U.S. News and World Report's "America's Best Hospitals 2009", it is positioned 6th by and large and third among college doctor's facilities. Columbia's restorative school has a vital association with New York State Psychiatric Institute, and is subsidiary with 19 different clinics in the U.S. furthermore, four healing facilities abroad. Wellbeing related schools are situated at the Columbia University Medical Center, a 20 sections of land (8.1 ha) grounds situated in the area of Washington Heights, fifty pieces uptown. Other showing healing facilities subsidiary with Columbia through the New York-Presbyterian system incorporate the Payne Whitney Clinic in Manhattan, and the Payne Whitney Westchester, a psychiatric foundation situated in White Plains, New York. On the northern tip of Manhattan island (in the area of Inwood), Columbia claims 26-section of land (11 ha) Baker Field, which incorporates the Lawrence A. Wien Stadium and in addition offices for field sports, outside track, and tennis. There is a third grounds on the west bank of the Hudson River, the 157-section of land (64 ha) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Earth Institute in Palisades, New York. A fourth is the 60-section of land (24 ha) Nevis Laboratories in Irvington, New York for the investigation of molecule and movement material science. A satellite site in Paris, France holds classes at Reid Hall.

Columbia University's acknowledgment rate for the class of 2019 (Columbia College and Engineering) was 6.1%, making Columbia the third most specific school in the United States by affirmation rate behind Stanford and Harvard. The undergrad yield rate for the class of 2015 was 63%. According to the 2012 school selectivity positioning by U.S. News and World Report, which considers confirmation and yield rates among other criteria, Columbia was tied with Yale, Caltech and MIT as the most specific universities in the country. Columbia is a racially differing school, with around 52% of all understudies distinguishing themselves as persons of shading.